Tissue Prostatic Specific Antigen (t-psa): a Way to Predict and Understand the Development of Prostate Cancer
نویسنده
چکیده
...................................................................................................6 List of Articles .........................................................................................7 Abbreviations ..........................................................................................8 Background..............................................................................................9 Prostate cancer..........................................................................................................9 Risk factors...........................................................................................................9 Morphology..........................................................................................................9 Hormonal regulation ..........................................................................................10 Pathology............................................................................................................11 Endocrine treatment and clinical parameters .........................................................11 Hormone dependency.........................................................................................13 Established methods for diagnosis and prognosis of CaP......................................13 Grading...............................................................................................................13 Staging................................................................................................................14 Bone scan ...........................................................................................................14 Serum tumor markers .........................................................................................14 Clinical use of PSA measurement......................................................................17 Other methods for the diagnosis and prognosis of CaP .........................................17 DNA-ploidy........................................................................................................17 Tissue PSA .........................................................................................................18 Model systems for CaP...........................................................................................18 Biology of nitric oxide .......................................................................................20 Endothelin-1, ET-1.............................................................................................21 Aims of the Present Investigation........................................................23 Material and Methods ..........................................................................24 Patients and treatment ............................................................................................24 T-staging.................................................................................................................24 Follow-up ...............................................................................................................24 Fine needle aspiration biopsies ..............................................................................25 Cytological sample preparation and evaluation .....................................................25 Flow cytometry.......................................................................................................26 Analysis of tissue and serum PSA..........................................................................26 DNA determination ................................................................................................26 Quantitations of T-PSA and S-PSA .......................................................................26 Cell cultures............................................................................................................27 RNA extraction, reverse transcription and DNA amplification (PCR)..................27 PCR product analysis .............................................................................................27 Analysis of estrogen metabolites............................................................................27 Statistics .................................................................................................................28 Results ....................................................................................................29 Inverse correlation between S-PSA and T-PSA (I) ................................................29 Tissue PSA as a predictor of clinical outcome (II).................................................29 T-PSA measurements during different treatments (III)..........................................31 T-PSA values increase in non-responders (III) ......................................................31 12to 0-months ratio of T-PSA is a good predictor of clinical outcome (III)........31 Estrogens affect T-PSA concentration in vivo (III)................................................32 Estrogens increase ecNOS mRNA expression in LNCaP cells (IV)......................32 Estrogens affect ET-1 mRNA expression in LNCaP cells (V) ..............................32 Discussion...............................................................................................33 Biopsy procedure....................................................................................................33 Differences between neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues...................................33 Tissue/ serum relationships ....................................................................................34 Prognostic value of T-PSA.....................................................................................34 Regulation of PSA in the tissue..............................................................................35 Effects of estrogens on CaP....................................................................................36 Conclusions ............................................................................................38 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning på svenska ............................39 Acknowledgements................................................................................40 References ..............................................................................................41 Appendix ................................................................................................48
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تاریخ انتشار 2001